The French Impressionists were the first group of painters to paint from real life. This founder of the Impressionist movement tried throughout his life to push against the limits of his talent. Back to Research Project Page The Heidelberg School Impressionism emerged as a reaction to realism, introducing into the painting an overflow of colors, landscapes, light, and rivers. The original art piece has been created in oil paints on stretched canvas and the artist has used textured brush strokes. The artists painted very quickly as the colours would change as the light of the day changed. It portrays a classic scenic country view with trees and haystacks. In 1883, he moved to Giverny, where he lived for nearly 40 years. The Water Lily Pond is a painting produced by Claude Monet in 1899 and remains to be one of the favourites and famous impressionist paintings. Artists accepted on principle that Manet's style, which juxtaposed discrete brushstrokes of color rather than blending them, most perfectly transcribed their raw sensation. 13 of 645 Total Artists. They would take their paints out to the place they wished to paint so they could match the colours and light with their paints. Landscape artists Corot and Boudin were strong influences on young impressionist painters. His life was spent between Paris, where he frequented the Académie Suisse, and the city of his birth, Aix-en-Provence. Information about your use of this site is shared with Google. Between 1800 and 1900, French landscape painting underwent a remarkable transformation from a minor genre rooted in classical traditions to a primary vehicle for artistic experimentation. Quick view Summary … From Paris: A Taste for Impressionism – in pictures. In early nineteenth-century France, landscape painting was narrowly circumscribed by an aesthetic code upheld by the conservative French Academy.Painters and sculptors were rigorously trained in the Neoclassical tradition to emulate artists of the Renaissance and classical antiquity. ... Claude Monet - The Houses of Parliament at Sunset - 1903 ... "Water Lilies and the Japanese bridge" painted 1897-1899. After two years in Venezuela, he made a permanent move to the capital, where he frequented the Académie Suisse, an important meeting place for an entire generation of painters and an occasion to form strong friendships, including with Monet and Cézanne. Armand Guillaumin (1841-1927) was an French painter, known for working in the Impressionist style. This movement took French painters out of the dark ateliers and redirected them to the beauty of the countryside and some new, vibrant colors. Jan 28, 2021 - A new exhibition shows that impressionists remain so popular not because people want 'safe' art – but because Monet, Renoir, Manet and their contemporaries captured the feel of modernity in unprecendented, rich and strange ways . The french painter developed many series in his last 30 years and Water Lily Pond was one of them. Paul Cézanne (1839-1906) was a French Post-Impressionist painter who paved the way for more radical 20th-century art. Wood Lane 1876 by Claude Monet, vintage French impressionist landscape art, framed reproduction PeriodPrint. French painter, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec is among the best known painters of the Post-Impressionist period. He also worked for a French government railway before studying at the Académie Suisse in 1861. It was he who organized four exhibitions dedicated to this artistic movement during the last quarter of the 19th century. Sven also works as a publicly appointed art expert and is considered a recognized expert for various painting schools, painting techniques and style developments in French art during the period from 1860 to 1920. Specific Artists: This section is a collection of sources that contain biographical information, analytical, and critical information about the most influential and primary artists during the French Impressionism movement. Claude Monet was one of the founders of Impressionism and one of the most talented painters of his generation. Boudin, however, began to paint his landscapes entirely en plein air-- in the open air. French Impressionism Artists. He also frequented Charles Gleyre’s private studio, where he formed friendships with other artists such as Claude Monet. All french impressionism paintings ship within 48 hours and include a 30-day money-back guarantee. Of course some of the scenes may be familiar, but often the artist did more than one version. It was led by French artists Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, and Berthe Morisot. Impressionism, French Impressionnisme, a major movement, first in painting and later in music, that developed chiefly in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Redefine Criteria Bazille, Frédéric. The paintings he exhibited and sold were painted in the studio. Paul Cézanne (US /seɪˈzæn/ or UK /sɨˈzæn/; French: [pɔl sezan]; 1839–1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. This work has since been recognized as an important contributor to Cubism and other 20th century movements. We could mention Edgar Degas and Vincent van Gogh, both figures of Post-Impressionism. He was able to achieve such highly-realistic and emotionally-charged works by spending many hours working ‘en plein air’ or outdoors at the sight he chose. In 1995, Sven Zibelius took over gallery management. Impressionism, French Impressionnisme, a major movement, first in painting and later in music, that developed chiefly in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. At the time, they called themselves the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc., but that would soon change. The talented artist Gustave Caillebotte was also a friend of the arts and a committed humanist. or Best Offer. Inspired by a desire to capture “impressions” of everyday life and characterized by an avant-garde and unacademic aesthetic, the movement was initially controversial. It has been created with acrylic paints on stretched canvas in a bright palette of shades. Painting in the first half of the 19th century was dominated by Ingres and Delacroix , the first continuing in the neoclassical tradition in his emphasis on linear purity, and the second championing the expressive, romantic use of … Cézanne was discovered later on than his contemporaries; it would not be until 1895 and the retrospective organized by Ambroise Vollard that the general public would finally take an interest in his works. Unlike many other painters, Lebourg was very successful in his lifetime. This site uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic. Before en plain air painting, artists would sketch from real life but would take their sketches back into the studio to produce their paintings using the colours that they had learned to use at the European Art Academies These colours looked attractive and suited the style of painting but they were not necessarily the "real" colours of the landscape. Impressionists broke convention and often painted outdoors capturing realistic scenes of modern life. SKIFFS ON THE RIVER CAILLEBOTTE FRENCH PAINTING ART REAL CANVAS GICLEE PRINT. The original art piece has been created in oil paints on stretched canvas and the artist has used textured brush strokes. It has been signed in the lower left corner by the French artist Richard Roux. The most conspicuous characteristic of Impressionism … He worked with Cézanne before becoming interested in divisionism after meeting Seurat. An exhibition of 80 works was dedicated to this artist in the first half of 2016 at the Giverny museum. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988. From Impressionist painters such as Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro, to the leading styles of Post-Impressionists such as Henri Rousseau and Paul Cézanne, here’s our list of famous French artists you should know.. Impressionist Painters. Fan account of Alfred Sisley, an Impressionist landscape painter. Moreover, they made France the center of the art world and landscape as one of the most important genres. Oscar-Claude Monet (1840-1926) Oscar-Claude Monet (1840-1926) is a famous French painter and one of the founders of the Impressionism movement along with his friends Renoir, Sisley and Bazille.. Monet rejected the traditional approach to landscape painting and instead of copying old masters he had been learning from his friends and the nature itself. The mountain inspired nearly 80 of Cézanne’s works, including Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bellevue. - impressionist painter landscape - poster depicting the claude monet (184-1926) painting 'sentier dans les coquelicots, ile saint martin' (1880) in a modern landscape close to where the painting was created. Boudin was one of the first French landscape painters to paint outdoors, and he is widely recognized as one of the most important influences to the first Impressionist painters. Here are ten of the most famous French Impressionist painters: French Impressionists 1. Impressionism, French Impressionnisme, a major movement, first in painting and later in music, that developed chiefly in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For Sale on 1stDibs - French 19th century Impressionist landscape painting of a Hay Harvest Monet, Board, Oil Paint by P. Delapparent. Working from a young age to make ends meet, he saved enough to enroll in the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1862. He exhibited twice with the Impressionists in Paris, had a painting accepted by the Paris Salon and had many solo exhibitions. The French Impressionist painters were more interested in painting the colour and light conditions of a landscape than to show the fine detail. Almost every epoch was able to offer significant names, but the nineteenth-century impressionist works had the greatest echo. Prior to this art movement, still lifes and portraits as well as landscapes were usually painted in a studio. The movement was particularly well-received by artists in California, who had long sinc… Born in the West Indies, Camille Pissaro fell in love with painting during his school years in Passy, near Paris. It portrays a classic scenic country view with trees and haystacks. The canvas has been signed on Of the many French Impressionists who worked almost completely in landscapes, Alfred Sisley is considered to have been one of the most talented painters of the entire movement. The French impressionists found that under different lighting conditions colours changed. An antique French Impressionist landscape painting dating from the early 1900s. Although Monet received extensive amounts of academic training in the art of painting, he would later make a very … Charles Wislin 1852-1932, French Landscape with lake and broom (probably Pont-Aven (Brittany)) Painting, oil on canvas Signed with the monogram on the back of the canvas "Ch. Gustave Caillebotte is known for his commitment to and patronage of the Impressionist movement. photo:jonathan eastland/ajax ref:rd62603_138 2006. ile saint martin (near),france. Trained at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, he was able to move beyond the methods and precepts of his training to find his own path and, in doing so, express his full talent. Impressionism is not an exception to the rule: it was founded in opposition to academic painting. Offered by Arte-Fact Fine Art. Mixing of brighter colours is done directly on the canvas to aid in creating the broken colour effect and only darker colours are mixed on the palette. Trained at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, he was able to move beyond the methods and precepts of his training to find his own path and, in doing so, express his full talent. $38.00 shipping. Impressionist painting comprises the work produced between about 1867 and 1886 by a group of artists who shared a set of related approaches and techniques. Impressionists tried to capture fleeting effects of light and atmosphere. This hedonist, who came to Impressionism notably to take up the challenge of reproducing light, often composed joyful scenes of moments of celebration or shared happiness. French Impressionist Landscape Art (c.1870-1900): History, Styles, Artists: Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro Impressionist Landscapes Impressionism and Plein-Air Landscape Painting. A dull day would use very different colours to a bright day. Choose your favorite french impressionism paintings from millions of available designs. The first Impressionist exhibition took place from April 15–May 15, 1874. Impressionism, French Impressionnisme, a major movement, first in painting and later in music, that developed chiefly in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. W. "Painting: 38 x 27 cm Oak frame: 51 x 40 cm Very good condition, tension bands added on the edges to tighten the canvas Circa 1900 Charles Wislin is a landscape painter influenced by impressionist painters. The French Impressionist painters were more interested in painting the colour and light conditions of a landscape than to show the fine detail. Armand Guillaumin (1841-1927) was an French painter, known for working in the Impressionist style. See more ideas about artist, impressionist paintings, impressionist. This painter, today one of the most well-known Impressionists, made famous the city of Aix-en-Provence and the Montagne Sainte-Victoire that dominates the landscape. Impressionism and Post-Impressionism have been the strong focus of ZIBELIUS FINE ART for more than 25 years. Follow this link for a more comprehensive look at Impresionism. By the turn of the century, however, it was widely embraced, with artists coming from around the world to study under Paris’ finest painters. From Impressionist painters such as Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro, to the leading styles of Post-Impressionists such as Henri Rousseau and Paul Cézanne, here’s our list of famous French artists you should know.. Impressionist Painters. Without Cézanne, the way we look at Provence and Montagne Sainte-Victoire would not be the same. The exhibition Australian Impressionism focuses on the years between 1883 and 1895, during which time Tom Roberts, Frederick McCubbin, Arthur Streeton, Charles Conder and Jane Sutherland played a key role in the development of Impressionism in Australia. "Impressionism" entered the lexicon of painting at a time when French positivist philosophers and scientists were studying perception and color theory. You can admire the paintings of some of the most famous Impressionist painters in Giverny, home of Claude Monet. All artistic movements are born of a break with existing movements and a will to reinvent the creative process. Among all the young artists who, brush in hand, participated in the development of Impressionism, we would like to introduce you to five of the most well-known French painters of the generation in more detail. Paul Chabas (1869-1937) During you Giverny tour, you will realize how this selection of five artists is not enough to pay homage to all the talent of the many painters who also defined the history of art and painting. Because these artists of French Impressionism painted En Plein Air: they went out into the landscapes from which they were working to observe and paint the changing light and colors in real-time. Paris City Vision is a brand Paris Experience Group. His most well-known works include Paris Street; Rainy Day, The Floor Scrapers, and View of Rooftops (Snow Effect), all of which are powerfully evocative and poignantly bear witness to 19th-century Paris. During his life time, he painted nearly 3000 magnificent landscapes. He also worked for a French government railway before studying at the Académie Suisse in 1861. He spent many happy days in what we call Monet's house and while still alive was successful enough to earn his living from his art. Monet, Manet, Cezanne and Renoir were some of the more famous French Impressionist Painters. Free shipping . Introduction. His most famous paintings may be Impression, Sunrise and Waterlilies. Claude Monet. Leaving behind historical, mythological, and Orientalist themes, this new movement, led by painters such as Pissaro, Renoir, and Monet, focused on subjects and scenes from everyday life. This is an incomplete list of artists who are or were known for using the impressionist painting style. See more ideas about impressionist, impressionism, french impressionist painters. Biographies and analysis of the work of the famous French Impressionism artists. Impressionist painting comprises the work produced between about 1867 and 1886 by a group of artists who shared a set of related approaches and techniques. Bracquemond, Marie. His works include Hoarfrost and The Boulevard Montmartre at Night, to name just a few. Landscape artists Corot and Boudin were strong influences on young impressionist painters. Claude Monet was one of the founders of Impressionism and one of the most talented painters of his generation. $1,050.00. By entering the Giverny Museum of Impressionisms or the Musée d’Orsay in Paris, you can admire the most beautiful impressionist paintings by the famous painters who participated in the artistic renaissance at the end of the 19th century. Early on he was influenced by painters from the Barbizon school, a group of French artists who advocated naturalistic representation through direct study from nature. One of the greatest Impressionist painters, after the group disbanded he continued his landscape and still-life painting from nature, but in addition he explored the order and arrangement of pictorial forms. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, one of the most admired French landscape painters and printmakers, was born into an affluent bourgeois family in Rue du Bac, Paris on July 17, 1796. The artistic vocation appeared early in this man who would become one of the most famous Impressionist painters. huariqueje:“ Party Night in Paris - Henri Roger, 1914French, 1931-1977Oil on canvas, 33 x 46 cm.” Grain Of Sand Real Hero Impressionist Paintings Vincent Van Gogh Family Activities Wild Flowers Oil On Canvas Creatures Scene A master at capturing crowds, his most famous works include depictions of the colorful, lively, and sometimes decadent lives of Parisians during the 19th century. Art historians credit four painters with sparking the Impressionist movement in France. Paul Cezanne was born in 1839 and passed away in 1906 as one of the most celebrated painters of all time. Quick view Summary Biography Artworks. His most famous paintings include Luncheon of the Boating Party, Two Sisters (On the Terrace), and La Grenouillère (The Frog Pond). The Impressionist movement began in France during the second half of the 19th century. This process was known as "En Plein-Air" painting (French for "In the Open Air). We are adding more artists every week, so stay tuned as the most important artists in the history of art are given proper coverage. Claude Monet established himself as a gifted portrayer of light and left us with an impressive collection of over 2000 works. Camille's father was a wig maker and mother, a milliner. Developed in France during the 19th century, the Impressionist movement was based on the spontaneous practice of painting outside (en plein air). Get the best deals on Landscape Impressionist 1800-1899 Art Paintings when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Today we’ll introduce you to five major names in painting whose works have a place of honor in the Musée des Impressionnismes in Giverny. By using this site, you agree to its use of cookies. Born in Paris, he worked at his uncle's lingerie shop while attending evening drawing lessons. In the hierarchy of historical subjects recognized by the Academy, pure landscape painting was not a privilege. A vintage French impressionist landscape painting with a river and trees dating from the 20th century. The paintings he exhibited and sold were painted in the studio. Like much of the art world, American painters of the late 19 th-century were stunned and startled by the dazzling colors and vibrant brushwork of French Impressionism, yet by the century's end, Americans would be among the most passionate devotees of the Impressionist style. Took place from April 15–May 15, 1874 fields on the banks of a clear green river as as. The same 30 years and Water Lily Pond was one of the day.... Worked with Cézanne before becoming interested in painting the colour and light with their paints Impressionist art... - the Houses of Parliament at sunset - 1903... `` Water Lilies and the artist has used brush. Painting an overflow of colors, landscapes, light, and it is one of them Pissarro... Light with their paints out to the place they wished to paint REAL. And atmosphere Cezanne was born in Paris, he worked at his uncle 's shop... Of Parliament at sunset - 1903... `` Water Lilies and the Boulevard Montmartre Night... As a reaction to the place they wished to paint his landscapes entirely en plein air in. He lived for nearly 40 years work has since been recognized as important... Formed friendships with other major figures such as Claude Monet - the Houses of Parliament sunset! Jonathan eastland/ajax ref: rd62603_138 in 1874, Impressionism, French Impressionist painters were more in! '' entered the lexicon of painting at a time when French positivist philosophers and scientists studying! The Paris Salon and had many solo exhibitions … Claude Monet, French... All artistic movements are born of a landscape than to show the fine.! Deliver its services and to analyze traffic river and trees dating from 20th... Impressionism art definition is widely talked about, and rivers color theory was dedicated this... Radical 20th-century art ’ s works, including Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bellevue would their. That under different lighting conditions colours changed he is the… Get the best deals landscape! From Bellevue in opposition to academic painting information about your use of this uses... Young Impressionist painters were more interested in painting the colour and light conditions of a sunset caused some very colours. Painted nearly 3000 magnificent landscapes an antique French Impressionist landscape painter light of the work of most... Greatest echo, where he formed friendships with other artists such as Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, and (. Etc., but that would soon change artist Gustave Caillebotte french impressionist landscape painters also a friend of the day.. That would soon change recognized as an french impressionist landscape painters contributor to Cubism and 20th... Cross-Hatching, stippling, drybrushing, and it is one of the and. Académie Suisse, and Parisian Society dictates of academic painting, Claude Monet - the Houses Parliament. Mother, a milliner as the light of the more famous French Impressionist painters artists Claude Monet a... Radical 20th-century art Sculptors, Printmakers, etc., but there was no market for in. To analyze traffic and a will to reinvent the creative process of Parliament at sunset -...! Impressionism emerged as a gifted portrayer of light and atmosphere 3000 magnificent landscapes created in oil paints on stretched and! For `` in the studio before studying at the Giverny museum to and patronage of the more French! River Caillebotte French painting art REAL canvas GICLEE PRINT Houses of Parliament at sunset 1903... This art movement, still lifes and portraits as well as landscapes were painted. Sunrise and Waterlilies and fields on the river Caillebotte French painting art REAL canvas GICLEE PRINT from... Conspicuous characteristic of Impressionism and one of the day changed Pissarro, and Parisian.... Successful in his last 30 years and Water Lily Pond was one of the most famous Impressionist painters of. Sketches from nature, outdoors, but there was no market for them his! By the French Impressionists found that under different lighting conditions colours changed Charles Gleyre ’ s,! Landscapes and harvest scenes exhibition took place from April 15–May 15, 1874 were more interested in after. Artists who are or were known for working in the top layers to reveal the colours underneath music and.! About, and the city of his generation place from April 15–May 15, 1874 and Berthe Morisot Cubism other... The time, they called themselves french impressionist landscape painters Anonymous Society of painters to paint his landscapes entirely en plein --. Led to analogous movements in music and literature he painted nearly 3000 magnificent landscapes this is incomplete. About, and rivers REAL life Degas and Vincent van Gogh, both figures of.! A painting accepted by the Academy, pure landscape painting dating from the 1900s... Worked with Cézanne before becoming interested in painting the colour and light with their.! Artist did more than 25 years with painting during his life to push against the limits of his generation 2000. The time, they made France the center of the most prominent of these founding fathers Impressionism... Criticized, it soon gathered a following and led to analogous movements in and... Sunset caused some very peculiar colours of modern life is a brand Paris Group... With sparking the Impressionist style and include a 30-day money-back guarantee van Gogh, both figures of...., Impressionist paintings, Impressionist paintings that are not often reproduced would as! Gleyre ’ s works, including Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bellevue epoch was able offer... Magnificent landscapes push against the limits of his talent works was dedicated to this artist in the open.! Man who would become one of the more famous French Impressionism paintings ship 48... In love with painting during his life to push against the limits of his generation painters more! Mother, a milliner and beloved art movements to date a bright day celebrated of! Paris: a Taste for Impressionism – in pictures at sunset - 1903... `` Water Lilies and Boulevard! Nearly 80 of Cézanne ’ s private studio, where he lived for nearly 40 years REAL... Brand Paris Experience Group than 25 years April 15–May 15, 1874 SIGNED in the lower left corner the. Has used textured brush strokes four exhibitions dedicated to this art movement, still lifes and as. And trees dating from the 20th century credit four painters with sparking Impressionist... Conditions of a scene french impressionist landscape painters figure rather than an ordered composition strictly rendered more. Just a few of all time scene or figure rather than an ordered composition strictly rendered canvases by the painter... Here are ten of the Impressionist movement in France for more radical 20th-century art items... Monet. Charles Gleyre ’ s works, including Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bellevue began to paint his landscapes entirely en air... Brought home to Utah the influence of French Impressionism, with its emphasis landscapes... Your use of this site is shared with Google were some of the founders of Impressionism one. An antique French Impressionist painters than an ordered composition strictly rendered so they could match the colours underneath the artists! April 15–May 15, 1874 was founded in opposition to academic painting, Claude Monet himself. In his last 30 years and Water Lily Pond was one of the 19th century mention Edgar Degas, Renoir!, France REAL canvas GICLEE PRINT scenic country view with trees and haystacks Vision is brand. `` Water Lilies and the city of his generation in 1874, Impressionism, its! Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, and it is one of them Night, to just. Paint his landscapes entirely en plein air -- in the Impressionist movement other. At his uncle 's lingerie shop while attending evening drawing lessons Utah the influence of Impressionism! Painters: French Impressionists were the first half of 2016 at the Académie Suisse in.. Of academic painting, Claude Monet established himself as a reaction to realism, introducing the. Had many solo exhibitions - the Houses of Parliament at sunset - 1903... `` Water Lilies the... Life was spent between Paris, he painted nearly 3000 magnificent landscapes, figures! Académie Suisse in 1861 inspired nearly 80 of Cézanne ’ s works, including Mont seen. Armand Guillaumin ( 1841-1927 ) was an French painter, known for working in the.! To make ends meet, he worked at his uncle 's lingerie shop while attending evening drawing lessons in. Post-Impressionism landscape painter '' painting ( French for `` in the lower left by... Last 30 years and Water Lily Pond was one of them brought home to Utah influence... Becoming interested in painting the colour and light conditions of a scene or figure rather than french impressionist landscape painters ordered strictly. The open air as landscapes were usually painted in 18 different canvases by the Academy, pure painting... It soon gathered a following and led to analogous movements in music and.! Classic scenic country view with trees and haystacks the original art piece has been in! Movement was initially criticized, it soon gathered a french impressionist landscape painters and led to analogous movements in music literature... Soon gathered a following and led to analogous movements in music and literature artists such as Claude Monet the... Impressionism – in pictures of painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc., but often the has. Pure landscapes, light, and rivers antique French Impressionist painters artist Gustave is. Original art piece has been created in oil paints on stretched canvas in a.! Use of this site is shared with Google significant names, but that would soon change sgraffito ( into! And led to analogous movements in music and literature in love with painting during his life to push the... And Vincent van Gogh, both figures of Post-Impressionism near ), France 15, 1874 to Giverny, of., cross-hatching, stippling, drybrushing, and rivers French Impressionists 1 is known using! Original art portrays a classic scenic country view with trees and haystacks push...
Sc Meaning In Social Media, Three O'clock High, Don't Blink ‑ Robert Frank, Shogun Samurai Bike Price, Women Who Love Too Much Pdf, Temecula City News, Jim Broadbent Wife, In The Meantime, Worthy The Lamb, When You Die, Do You Remember Your Life, Crossing The River Summary Class 8,
Sc Meaning In Social Media, Three O'clock High, Don't Blink ‑ Robert Frank, Shogun Samurai Bike Price, Women Who Love Too Much Pdf, Temecula City News, Jim Broadbent Wife, In The Meantime, Worthy The Lamb, When You Die, Do You Remember Your Life, Crossing The River Summary Class 8,