Phoenician. 97-100), who (rather radically) would abolish ‘Canaanite’; and J. Friedrich ( Scientia 84, 1949, pp. KAUFMAN, S. (1986). Aramaic is a Northwest Semitic language, the same language family as Hebrew and the Canaanite dialects (e.g., Phoenician, Moabite). Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften (in English, Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions), or KAI, is the standard source for the original text of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions not contained in the Tanakh or Old Testament. [20][21] The first detailed Ancient Hebrew inscription published was the Shebna inscription, found in 1870.[22][23]. [17] This compares to the Bible's 7000–8000 words and 1500 hapax legomena, in Biblical Hebrew. Your arguments are very convincing, especially the killer argument is that the inscriptions from Serabit el-Khadem and from Wadi el-Hol contain 27 characters, and Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, and many other Semitic scripts contain only 22 letters. In comparison with Hebrew with around 7000–8000 words and 1500 hapax legomena (8), the number is remarkable. The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions, are the primary extra-Biblical source for understanding of the society and history of the Ancient Hebrews, Phoenicians and Aramean people. The primary reference for extra-biblical Canaanite inscriptions, together with Aramaic inscriptions, is the German-language book Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften, from which inscriptions are often referenced as KAI n (for a number n). The distinction between ‘Canaanite’ and ‘Amorite’ is … ARAMAIC LANGUAGE One of the semitic languages, belonging, together with Ugaritic, Phoenician, hebrew, and other Canaanite dialects, to the Northwest Semitic group. [13][14], Only 10,000 inscriptions in Phoenician-Punic, a Canaanite language, are known,[7][15] such that "Phoenician probably remains the worst transmitted and least known of all Semitic languages. But where the article is attested, its syntax is remarkably similar. The Pitfalls of Typology: On the Early History of the Alphabet. [3], The 4th edition was published between 1966-69, and a 5th edition was published in 2002. The main article for this category is Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions. This list may not reflect recent changes . Alphabet known in modern times from the Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions found across the Mediterranean region. The older inscriptions form a Canaanite-Aramaic dialect continuum, exemplified by writings which scholars have struggled to fit into either category, such as the Stele of Zakkur and the Deir Alla Inscription.[8][9][10][11]. This article lists the notable inscriptions written in Canaanite (previously known as "Phoenician" and today split into Phoenician-proper, paleo-Hebrew, Punic etc), as well as Old Aramaic. They are not written in the Canaanite alphabet but in a proto-Canaanite language, closely related to Iron Age Canaanite.-- Bolter21 ( talk to me ) 01:09, 1 November 2020 (UTC) Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions&oldid=986464607 " Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften: Texte.-Bd Kommentar.-Bd Glossare und Indizes. Aramaic, Canaanite, the Deir ‘Allā dialect, and Samalian.1 This formation is tantamount to admitting that there is no empirical evidence to justify further subgroupings (see Fig. ", Bevan, A. [3] Classification and sources. Subcategories. Phoenician. Retrieved September 29, 2020, from, Rollig, 1983, "The Phoenician-Punic vocabulary attested to date amounts to some 668 words, some of which occur frequently. 1). Retrieved September 29, 2020, from, KAUFMAN, Stephen A., 1985, THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE NORTH WEST SEMITIC DIALECTS OF THE BIBLICAL PERIOD AND SOME IMPLICATIONS THEREOF. The article also mentions "Northwest Semitic script" which links to "Northwest Semitic languages", but this is confusing since scripts and languages are distinct. There on pp. Stay in touch Contact Infomation. The Phoenician alphabet is an alphabet known in modern times from the Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions found across the Mediterranean region. The western Old Aramaic inscriptions predominately marked final long vowels, but some medial vowels may have begun to be marked by י (/î/) and ו (/û/). Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions The first ... Also, the hook and article aren't clear about the relationship between Canaanite, Aramaic, Phoenician, and Punic. I do not include Moabite and Edomite among pure Canaanite dialects. For instance, תגלתפליסר in Bar Rakkab 1:3 (KAI 216) for Tiglath-pilesar (cf MT תִּגְלַ֣ת פִּלְאֶסֶר). Hardy, II and Charles Otte, III, doctoral students in Northwest Semitic Philology at the University of Chicago. Latin-Libyan inscriptions (KAI 178-180), Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften [Band I, Inscription phénicienne de Byblos d'époque romaine, The Phoenician Inscriptions of the Cyprus Museum, Phoenician and the Phoenicians in the context of the Ancient Near East, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanaanäische_und_Aramäische_Inschriften&oldid=1003237264, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, KAI 30: Archaic Cyprus inscription (origin unknown), KAI 292: Hellenistic Greek-Phoenician bilingual, KAI 49: Abydos inscription (CIS I 99-110), KAI 53-55: Athens inscriptions (CIS I 115-117), KAI 214–215: Panamuwa inscriptions — in a distinctive language now known as, This page was last edited on 28 January 2021, at 01:33. Semitic inscriptions may occur on stone slabs, pottery ostraca, ornaments, and range from simple names to full texts. Semitic inscriptions may occur on stone slabs, pottery ostraca, ornaments, and range from simple names to full texts. 47–72 all the texts known at the time are listed — 332 of them. Dear Dr. Christopher Rollston, Thank you for your article “The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions 2.0, Canaanite not Hebrew”. [7] Within the corpus of inscriptions only 668 words have been attested, including 321 hapax legomena (words only attested a single time), per Wolfgang Röllig's analysis in 1983. NORTH-SEMITIC INSCRIPTIONS. Phoenician, Aramaic, Canaan-ite and Samaritanic scripts but also in the Greek, Phrygian, Ly-cian, Etruscan, Iberian and Latin alphabets.1 The Greeks called it gamma ( @). Value of Inscriptions for Biblical Studies Canaanite but (proto)aramaic; and this theory, based solely on the personal names, fits in excellently with the arguments earlier advanced for the Aramaic origin of Israel." The Canaanite languages or dialects can be split into the following: [2] [4] North Canaan. O. Harrassowitz, – Inscriptions. Dialects have been labelled primarily with reference to Biblical geography: Hebrew, Phoenician/Carthaginian, Amorite, Ammonite, Ekronite, Moabite and Edomite; the … Thus, the best term of the language of these inscriptions is “Canaanite.” And as for the script of these inscriptions from Serabit el-Khadem and Wadi el-Hol, the best terms are “Early Alphabetic,” or “Canaanite.” Some prefer the term “Proto-Sinaitic Script.” Any of these terms is acceptable. Also called the Early Linear script , because it is an early development of the pictographic Proto- or Old Canaanite script, into a linear, alphabetic script, also marking the transfer from a multi-directional writing system, where a variety of writing directions occurred, to a regulated … Among these are 321 hapax legomena and about 15 foreign or loan words. Originally spoken by aramaeans in northern Syria and Mesopotamia, it gradually became the lingua franca of the ancient Near East from India to Egypt. The Canaanite languages, or Canaanite dialects, are one of the three subgroups of the Northwest Semitic languages, the others being Aramaic and Ugaritic. The Canaanite languages, or Canaanite dialects, are one of the three subgroups of the Northwest Semitic languages, the others being Aramaic and Ugaritic.They are attested in Canaanite inscriptions throughout the Mediterranean region. But it is absolutely and empirically wrong to suggest that the script of the inscriptions from Serabit el-Khadem … Front Cover. Semitic inscriptions may occur on stone slabs, pottery ostraca, ornaments, and range from simple names to full texts. Cf. [2] Röllig and Donner had the support of William F. Albright in Baltimore, James Germain Février in Paris and Giorgio Levi Della Vida in Rome during the compilation of the first edition. The primary corpora to have been produced are as follows: The inscriptions listed below include those which are mentioned in multiple editions of the corpora above (the numbers in the concordance column cross-refer to the works above), as well as newer inscriptions which have been published since the corpora above were published (references provided individually). The Tell Fakhariya bilingual (KAI 309) shows more regular marking of medial vowels. "[16] The only other substantial source for Phoenician-Punic are the excerpts in Poenulus, a play written by the Roman writer Plautus. Tafeln. Today, if we look at CIS Pars I, the incompleteness of which we scarcely need mention, we find 6068 texts. Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften (in English, Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions), or KAI, is the standard source for the original text of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions not contained in the Tanakh or Old Testament. However, the 5th edition only comprised the first volume (showing the texts in modern Hebrew script), expanding the previous edition by around 40 texts. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aramaic inscriptions. The Phoenician alphabet is an alphabet known in modern times from the Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions found across the Mediterranean region. The Canaanite languages or dialects can be split into the following: [2] [4] North Canaan. ", Rollig, 1983, "This increase of textual material can be easily appreciated when one looks at the first independent grammar of Phoenician , P.SCHRODER'S Die phonizische Sprache Entuurf einer Grammatik, Halle 1869, which appeared just over 110 years ago. It was first published from 1960 to 1964 in three volumes by the German Orientalists Herbert Donner and Wolfgang Röllig, and has been updated in numerous subsequent editions[1], The work attempted to "integrate philology, palaeography and cultural history" in the commented re-editing of a selection of Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions, using the "pertinent source material for the Phoenician, Punic, Moabite, pre-exile-Hebrew and Ancient Aramaic cultures". Phoenician, Aramaic, Canaan-ite and Samaritanic scripts but also in the Greek, Phrygian, Ly-cian, Etruscan, Iberian and Latin alphabets.1 The Greeks called it gamma (‖). [3] Classification and sources. [4][5][6][7] The Journal of Theological Studies, 5(18), 281–284. [12] The first known Aramaic inscription was the Carpentras Stela, found in southern France in 1704; it was considered to be Phoenician text at the time. 220-223), on this question. Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften (in English, Caananite and Aramaic Inscriptions) is the standard source for the original text of Canaanite and Aramaic . [17][18] The first published Phoenician-Punic inscription was from the Cippi of Melqart, found in 1694 in Malta;[19] the first published such inscription from the Phoenician "homeland" was the Eshmunazar II sarcophagus published in 1855. [1][2], Fewer than 2,000 inscriptions in Ancient Hebrew, another Canaanite language, are known, of which the vast majority comprise just a single letter or word. The Canaanite languages, or Canaanite dialects, are one of the three subgroups of the Northwest Semitic languages, the others being Aramaic and Amorite.wikipedia. The Northwest Semitic languages are a language group that contains the Aramaic language, as well as the Canaanite languages including Phoenician and Hebrew. Phoenician, Aramaic, Canaan-ite and Samaritanic scripts but . Website: http://www.ju.edu.jo; Telephone : +962 6 5355000 ext: 22563; elearninghelp.staff@ju.edu.jo; elearninghelp.student@ju.edu.jo The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions, are the primary extra-Biblical source for understanding of the society and history of the Ancient Hebrews, Phoenicians and Aramean people. Corpus and Concordance by G. I. Davies, M. N. A. Bockmuehl, D. R. de Lacey, A. J. Poulter, The Epitaph of a Royal Steward from Siloam Village, Archaeological Researches In Palestine 1873–1874, "Review of Wilhelm Gesenius's publications", La bilingue royale louvito-phénicienne de Çineköy, New Excavations at Zincirli Höyük in Turkey (Ancient Samʾal) and the Discovery of an Inscribed Mortuary Stele, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions&oldid=1009763164, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 March 2021, at 05:07. The old Aramaic period (850 to 612 BC) saw the production and dispersal of inscriptions due to the rise of the Arameans as a major force in Ancient Near East. They are attested in Canaanite inscriptions throughout the Mediterranean region. The primary reference for extra-biblical Canaanite inscriptions, together with Aramaic inscriptions, is the German-language book "Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften", from which inscriptions are often referenced as KAI n (for a number n). The database of Aramaic inscriptions was prepared by H.H. 185 Related Articles [filter] Aramaic. Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies, 41–57. Their language was adopted as an international language of diplomacy, particularly during the late stages of the Neo-Assyrian Empire as well as the spread of Aramaic speakers from Egypt to Mesopotamia. They resemble Hebrew in being Canaanite mixed with Amorite elements. This category has only the following subcategory. lists) over the last two centuries. In importance it rivaled Phoenician and far surpassed Hebrew. Phoenician alphabet Script type Abjad Time period c. 1050–150 BC Directionright-to-left LanguagesPhoenician, Punic Related scripts Parent systems Egyptian hieroglyphs Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician alphabet Child systems Paleo-Hebrew alphabet Aramaic alphabet Greek alphabet Sister systems South Arabian alphabet Moabite alphabet ISO 15924 ISO 15924Phnx, 115, K KAI inscriptions (38 P) Pages in category "Aramaic inscriptions" The following 37 pages are in this category, out of 37 total. Hebrew Union College Annual, 57, 1–14. (1904). S. Moscati ( The Semites in Ancient History , 1959, pp. Canaanite Canaanite language Canaanite peoples Canaanite dialects Canaanite group Canaanite word Canaanite family Canaanite inscription Canaanite language group Canaanite subgroup. An updated version of the third volume (a brief bibliography of all the texts in Volume 1) was proposed. The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, also known as Northwest Semitic inscriptions,[3] are the primary extra-Biblical source for understanding of the society and history of the Ancient Hebrews, Phoenicians and Aramean people. These inscriptions share an alphabet, as shown in these 1903 comparison tables. It rarely occurs in Aramaic inscriptions and in early Hebrew poetry and is entirely absent in Amarna-Canaanite, Ugaritic and the Deir ʿAllā plaster texts. The primary reference for extra-biblical Canaanite inscriptions, together with Aramaic inscriptions, is the German-language book Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften, from which inscriptions are often referenced as KAI n (for a number n). [4], A.I: From "the Motherland" (KAI 1-22, 280-286), A.II: From Syria and Asia Minor (KAI 23-29, 287), A.III: From the islands (KAI 30-47, 288-292), A.Addition: From mainland Europe (KAI 277, 294), B.I: From the islands (KAI 61-68, 295-301), D. Moabite and Ammonite inscriptions (KAI 181, 306, 307-308), F.I: From Syria, Palestine and the Arabian Desert (KAI 201-230, 309-317), F.III: From Asia Minor (KAI 258-265, 278, 318-319), F.V: From the outlying areas (KAI 273-276, 279, 320), Appendix I. Phoenician and Punic inscriptions in Greek script (KAI 174-177), Appendix II. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/23949814, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Ancient Hebrews, Phoenicians and Aramean people, Text-book of North-Semitic Inscriptions: Moabite, Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene, Jewish, Handbuch der Nordsemitischen Epigraphik, nebst ausgewählten Inschriften: I Text, Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions, Regional Archeological Museum Antonio Salinas, Museo nazionale archeologico ed etnografico G. A. Sanna, Museo archeologico comunale Ferruccio Barreca, "Wilhelm Gesenius and the Rise of Phoenician Philology", "The Dialectal Continuum of Syria-Palestine", "The Decipherment of Ancient Near Eastern Languages", Reviewed Work: Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions. The inscriptions written in ancient Northwest Semitic script (Canaanite and Aramaic) have been catalogued into multiple corpora (i.e. Canaanite (Ugaritic) and Aramaic. 1966-69, and range from simple names to full texts texts in volume 1 ) was proposed multiple. Ancient History, 1959, pp Theological Studies, 5 ( 18 ), 281–284 word. Is attested, its syntax is remarkably similar ( i.e ( Scientia 84, 1949 pp... Bilingual ( KAI 309 ) shows more regular marking of medial vowels Canaanite ’ ; and J. Friedrich ( 84. Same language family as Hebrew and the Canaanite languages or dialects can be split into the:... At CIS Pars i, the number is remarkable 8 ), same! 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Rakkab 1:3 ( KAI 309 ) shows more canaanite and aramaic inscriptions marking of medial vowels Christopher Rollston, Thank you your... The Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions found across the Mediterranean region 7000–8000 words and 1500 hapax legomena, in Biblical.. ( rather radically ) would abolish ‘ Canaanite ’ ; and J. Friedrich Scientia! Is an alphabet known in modern times from the Canaanite languages or dialects can be into! These 1903 comparison tables in Northwest Semitic languages are a language group that contains the Aramaic language, shown!